Three supplements have enough research behind them to be worth a conversation with your clinician: magnesium, riboflavin (vitamin B2), and coenzyme Q10. Magnesium and riboflavin are the best supported, CoQ10 sits a step below, and several popular alternatives have thinner evidence or a documented safety problem. None is a cure, and none works quickly.[1]
Quick answer
Magnesium and riboflavin have the strongest and most consistent evidence for migraine prevention, and the American Migraine Foundation describes both as probably effective and CoQ10 as possibly effective. A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis reported that magnesium reduced migraine attacks by a mean of 2.51 versus controls, CoQ10 by 1.73, and riboflavin by 1.34 (PubMed 39404918). Those are pooled averages across studies with different products and doses, not a forecast for one person. Give any preventive approach two to three months at a useful dose before judging it (Migraine Canada), and talk to a clinician or pharmacist first, especially if you have kidney disease or take regular medication.[2]
On this page
- Which supplements have the strongest evidence for migraine?
- How strong is the evidence for magnesium?[3]
- What does research say about riboflavin?[4]
- Where does CoQ10 fit?[5]
- Which other supplements deserve caution?
- How should you compare supplement labels and doses?
- How long should a clinician-guided trial last?
- How 3graine simplifies a three-ingredient routine
- When should you seek medical care?
- Frequently asked questions
- Medical disclaimer
Which supplements have the strongest evidence for migraine?
Magnesium, riboflavin, and CoQ10 are the three nutraceuticals most commonly used for migraine prevention, according to the American Migraine Foundation. Think of the evidence as a ladder. Magnesium and riboflavin sit on the top rung, both recommended in Canadian guidance, while Migraine Canada assigns CoQ10 a lower grade. CoQ10 has lower-grade evidence with mixed results and is described by AMF as possibly effective. The NCCIH calls the riboflavin and CoQ10 evidence promising but preliminary.[6]
| Supplement used in migraine research | Guidance and study-dose context | Evidence position | 2024 pooled effect on attacks[7] | Common side effects |
| Magnesium. Citrate and oxide have direct randomized migraine-study history. No randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was identified in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026.[8][9][10] | Migraine Canada lists 600 mg/day of citrate or glycinate. Adult randomized trials reviewed here (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1) reported or used elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day, depending on form and reporting basis.[11] | Recommended in Canadian guidance; Level B, probably effective, in the 2012 AAN/AHS guideline[12] | Mean reduction of 2.51 attacks[13] | Diarrhea, abdominal cramping[14] |
| Riboflavin (vitamin B2)[15] | 400 mg/day | Recommended in Canadian guidance; described as probably effective | Mean reduction of 1.34 attacks[16] | Darker yellow urine |
| CoQ10[17] | Migraine Canada lists 300 mg/day. Several relevant trials used 300 to 400 mg/day (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7786797/), while a six-study adult review also included lower and higher doses.[18] | Lower evidence grade with mixed results; described as possibly effective | Mean reduction of 1.73 attacks[19] | Not characterized in the sources reviewed here |
Guidance doses and evidence positions from Migraine Canada and AMF. Study-dose context comes from the linked trial reviews. Pooled effects come from PubMed 39404918.[20]
Notice that the pooled numbers do not line up with the evidence grades. CoQ10 posted a larger average reduction in attacks than riboflavin, yet sits lower on the ladder. That is the honest limitation worth stating plainly: the 2024 review pooled trials using different products, doses, populations, and methods, so a bigger average there does not mean a stronger case. Grades reflect consistency and study quality across the whole body of research.[21]
How strong is the evidence for magnesium?
Magnesium has the deepest track record. The 2012 AAN/AHS guideline rated it Level B, probably effective, which the American Migraine Foundation still reports, though that date makes it historical rather than current guidance. The 2024 meta-analysis found magnesium reduced attack severity by a mean of 0.88 and monthly migraine days by 1.66 alongside the reduction in attacks (PubMed 39404918). AMF notes it may be particularly useful for people with migraine with aura or menstrual migraine, framed as a clinician conversation rather than a self-diagnosis.[22]
Safety is where magnesium needs care. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping are the usual dose-limiting effects. The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements puts the US adult upper intake level for supplemental magnesium at 350 mg per day, excluding magnesium from food. Higher amounts appear in migraine research and belong under clinician supervision. Toxicity risk climbs when kidney function is impaired, and magnesium can reduce absorption of some bisphosphonates and antibiotics taken too close together. People with kidney disease, heart disease, arrhythmia, or diabetes should clear magnesium with their clinician. Read the detailed magnesium evidence and safety guide for the dose question.[23]
What does research say about riboflavin?
Riboflavin is the quiet one. It carries a similar evidence position to magnesium, appears in Canadian guidance at 400 mg per day (Migraine Canada), and is called probably effective in AMF's prevention primer. In the 2024 pooled analysis it reduced attack frequency by a mean of 1.34 (PubMed 39404918). Riboflavin can turn urine a darker or brighter yellow, which Migraine Canada lists as an expected effect. For a closer look at vitamin B2 and vitamin D, see the vitamins for migraines guide.[24]
If you are starting from nothing, magnesium and riboflavin are the two to discuss first. That is not a hedge. Both sit on the higher rung, riboflavin is well tolerated, and magnesium's risks are known and manageable with a clinician's input.[25]
Where does CoQ10 fit?
CoQ10 is the reasonable third addition rather than the place to start. Migraine Canada lists it at 300 mg per day with a lower evidence grade, and AMF calls it possibly effective. Several relevant CoQ10 trials used 300 to 400 mg/day. A 2021 meta-analysis covered six adult randomized trials and 371 participants, including trials with lower and higher doses, and found reductions in migraine attack duration and frequency but not severity (PubMed 33402403). The NCCIH notes the observed effects were small. The 2024 review reported larger figures: mean reductions of 1.73 attacks, 1.35 in severity, and 1.72 in duration (PubMed 39404918). That gap shows how much these estimates move depending on which trials get pooled.[26]
Which other supplements deserve caution?
Butterbur is the clearest case. NCCIH reports that butterbur products may contain liver-toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and that the American Academy of Neurology stopped recommending it in 2015. Migraine Canada says the same. If you find butterbur recommended in an older article, the article is out of date.[27]
Vitamin D has less evidence for migraine and can be toxic in excess (Migraine Canada). Melatonin and feverfew appear on AMF's list of commonly discussed supplements, which puts them in the conversation without putting them on the top rung. NCCIH puts the principle bluntly: natural does not mean safe, and supplements can interact with drugs.[28]
How should you compare supplement labels and doses?
Read the label for the active ingredient and the amount per daily serving, not per capsule. A bottle advertising 400 mg of riboflavin may split that across three capsules, which changes what taking one does. In Canada, an eight-digit Natural Product Number means the product has met Health Canada requirements for manufacturing standards, product quality, and safety (Migraine Canada).[29]
The most useful thing Migraine Canada says here is also the least commercial: no single brand has demonstrated superiority over all others, and the active ingredient and dose matter more than the brand name. Evidence for magnesium is not evidence for a particular bottle of it.[30]
How long should a clinician-guided trial last?
Longer than most people give it. Oral preventives often need two to three months at an effective dose before you can evaluate them fairly (Migraine Canada), and AMF gives the same window. A fair trial has three parts:[31]
- Establish a baseline before you change anything. Track attack days, severity, and disruption. Migraine Canada and the American Headache Society both recommend a diary or headache calendar.[32]
- Change one thing at a time, at a dose your clinician agrees with, and hold it steady.[33]
- Judge it against a defined marker. AHS treats at least a 50% reduction in headache frequency after a three to six month trial as one marker of success.[34]
Migraine Canada notes that four or more attacks per month often justifies discussing prevention, while emphasizing that individual impact matters most. Two severe attacks costing two days each are reason enough. The unglamorous part is consistency: a trial only tells you something if you took the supplement on most of those days, which is exactly where multi-bottle routines fall apart.[35]
How 3graine simplifies a three-ingredient routine
3graine is a daily nutritional support product built around the three ingredients above. The daily serving is three capsules providing riboflavin 400 mg, 300 mg elemental magnesium from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide, and CoQ10 200 mg. It is made and third-party tested in Canada.[36][37]
The reason it exists is practical rather than clinical. A three-ingredient routine normally means buying three products, tracking three counts, and remembering three things daily. Combining them into one serving removes that friction. That is an adherence benefit, not a claim about outcomes.
Be clear about what that does and does not mean. The evidence here supports the individual ingredients, not the finished formula in a randomized trial. The daily serving provides 300 mg elemental magnesium and 200 mg CoQ10. The magnesium amount is within the roughly 300 to 600 mg/day elemental or elemental-equivalent exposures in the adult randomized trials reviewed here and below the 350 mg per day upper intake level the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements sets for supplements. Several relevant CoQ10 trials used 300 to 400 mg/day, while the six-study adult review also included lower and higher doses. These comparisons do not establish the effectiveness of the finished 3graine formula. Bring the label to your clinician and let them tell you whether the amounts fit your situation.[38][39]
The product page says most people who benefit notice a response after roughly two to three months of consistent use, matching the window headache organizations describe. Bright yellow urine and mild digestive changes are common early on. Usage questions are covered in the 3graine FAQ.[40]
When should you seek medical care?
Some headaches need assessment now, not a supplement plan. The American Headache Society lists these warning signs for urgent evaluation:[41]
- A thunderclap headache, meaning sudden and severe onset[42]
- Headache with fever[43]
- A new neurologic deficit[44]
- A first or worst headache[45]
- A major change in your usual headache pattern[46]
Outside of those, talk to a clinician or pharmacist before starting anything if you have kidney disease, heart disease, arrhythmia, or diabetes, if you take regular medication, or if you are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Supplements are not a substitute for prescription care.[47]
Prevention is rarely one intervention. Migraine Canada describes it as some combination of lifestyle adaptation, supplements, prescription medicines, and devices, and the Mayo Clinic adds regular sleep, regular meals, hydration, gradual exercise, and stress management. Mayo also makes a point that gets lost in trigger lists: total avoidance is not always practical and may increase sensitivity, so tracking your own patterns beats a universal list.[48]
Frequently asked questions
Can supplements replace migraine medication?
Not as a general rule. Some people may benefit more from supplements than from a medication, and others may have the opposite experience. Supplements should not replace prescribed treatment without guidance from the clinician who manages that treatment. A prevention plan may include lifestyle measures, supplements, prescription medicines, and devices (Migraine Canada).[49]
How long before I know whether a supplement is working?
Plan on two to three months at a dose your clinician agrees with. Both Migraine Canada and AMF give that window for oral preventives. A diary started before you begin makes the comparison meaningful instead of a guess.[50]
Is it safe to take magnesium, riboflavin, and CoQ10 together?[51]
Whether the combination is appropriate depends on your health, medicines, and total doses. Migraine Canada advises checking with a pharmacist before combining supplements with medicines or other supplements. Magnesium interacts with several drug classes and needs care if kidney function is impaired (NIH ODS).[52]
Why is my urine bright yellow after taking riboflavin?[53]
That is riboflavin doing what riboflavin does. Migraine Canada lists darker yellow urine as an expected effect of vitamin B2, not a sign that something is wrong.[54]
Does a more expensive migraine supplement work better?
Not by virtue of price. Migraine Canada states that no single brand has demonstrated superiority over all others, and that the active ingredient and dose matter more than the brand name. Compare amounts per daily serving, check for a Natural Product Number in Canada, and treat the rest as packaging.[55]
Medical disclaimer
This article is educational information, not medical advice. It does not diagnose any condition and is not a substitute for care from a qualified health professional. Supplements can cause side effects and interact with medicines. Talk to your physician, nurse practitioner, or pharmacist before starting, stopping, or changing any supplement or medication, particularly if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have kidney or heart disease, or take prescription drugs. If you have warning signs such as a sudden severe headache, headache with fever, a new neurologic deficit, or a major change in your headache pattern, seek assessment promptly.[56]
References
[1] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[2] American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[3] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[4] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[5] Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[6] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021).
[7] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[8] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[9] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
[10] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
[11] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[12] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[13] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[14] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[15] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[16] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[17] Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[18] Sazali et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” six-study systematic review and meta-analysis, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7786797/ (2021).
[19] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[20] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[21] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[22] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[23] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[24] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[25] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[26] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[27] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[28] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Alternative Treatments for Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/alternative-treatments-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[29] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026).
[30] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[31] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).
[32] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).
[33] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
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