Magnesium is one of the few supplements with enough evidence behind it that headache organizations put it in writing. The 2012 American Academy of Neurology and American Headache Society guideline rated it Level B, "probably effective," for migraine prevention, and the American Migraine Foundation still lists it among the most commonly used nutraceuticals for prevention. That does not make it a cure, and it does not mean magnesium is appropriate for everyone. What decides whether it is worth trying is narrower than most product pages admit: the elemental dose, the form your gut tolerates, your medications, and whether you stay on it long enough to judge.[2][1]
Quick answer
Magnesium has moderate supporting evidence for reducing how often migraine attacks happen. A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis found it reduced attacks by a mean of 2.51 and monthly migraine days by 1.66 compared with controls (PubMed). Adult randomized trials reviewed here reported or used elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day, depending on the form and reporting basis. Migraine studies report magnesium doses in different ways, including millimoles, elemental magnesium, and compound weight, so compare products only after the form and elemental amount have been confirmed. The US upper intake level for supplemental magnesium in the general population is 350 mg per day, so higher amounts belong under clinician supervision (NIH ODS). Form choice depends on study context, tolerance, and clinician guidance. Expect two to three months at a steady dose before judging it.[3][4]
Table of contents
- Does magnesium help prevent migraine?[5]
- What does the research actually show?
- How much magnesium is used for migraine prevention?[6]
- Which form of magnesium should you choose?[7]
- What side effects and interactions matter?
- Who should speak with a clinician before taking magnesium?[8]
- How long does magnesium take to assess?[9]
- Where magnesium fits in the 3graine formula[10]
- How should you track whether it is helping?
- Frequently asked questions
- Medical disclaimer
Does magnesium help prevent migraine?
For some people, magnesium may help reduce migraine attack frequency or severity. Magnesium belongs to the prevention side of migraine care, not the rescue side. Preventive treatment aims to reduce how often attacks arrive, how severe they are, and how long they last, and it can improve how well acute medication works when an attack starts (American Migraine Foundation). Taking magnesium during an attack is not what the studies tested.[11]
AMF notes magnesium may be particularly worth discussing for people with migraine with aura or menstrual migraine, though that is a conversation for a clinician. Migraine Canada frames prevention as a package of lifestyle adaptation, supplements, prescription medicines, and devices, and suggests four or more attacks a month often justifies discussing it. Magnesium is one piece of that package, not a replacement for the rest.[12]
What does the research actually show?
The most useful recent number comes from a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooling the available trials, it reported magnesium reduced migraine attacks by a mean of 2.51, severity by 0.88, and monthly migraine days by 1.66 versus controls (PubMed). The same review found smaller effects on attack frequency for riboflavin and CoQ10.[13]
Here is the limitation, and it is a real one. Those are pooled averages across studies using different products, doses, populations, and methods. They describe trial averages, not what will happen to you. NIH summarizes small placebo-controlled migraine trials using reported magnesium amounts up to 600 mg/day, with mixed results (NIH ODS). Some sources report millimoles or compound weight rather than a clearly labeled elemental amount, so those figures should not be compared with a Supplement Facts amount until the form and reporting basis have been checked.[14]
NCCIH is the calibration point worth keeping: the evidence base for supplements in headache has genuine limitations, and "natural" says nothing about safe.[15]
How much magnesium is used for migraine prevention?
Two numbers appear in credible sources and they are not the same. Both are correct, because they answer different questions.
The US Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg per day for adults, covering supplements and medications only, not magnesium naturally present in food (NIH ODS). That is a general population safety ceiling set to avoid gastrointestinal effects in healthy people.[16]
Migraine-specific guidance sometimes sits above it. Migraine Canada's summary table lists magnesium citrate or glycinate at 600 mg/day. Separately, adult randomized trials reviewed here reported or used elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day across citrate, oxide, magnesium aspartate, and magnesium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Because reporting conventions differ, the form and elemental amount need to be confirmed before comparing a study dose with a product label.[17][18]
Both facts hold at once: the 350 mg/day limit is a general-population safety threshold, not a migraine treatment dose, and higher amounts used in research belong under clinician guidance. Do not scale yourself up to 600 mg because a table said so. Bring the study and product details to your clinician or pharmacist instead.[19]
One label detail trips people up constantly. In the US, the Supplement Facts panel declares elemental magnesium, not the weight of the whole compound (NIH ODS). Compare elemental magnesium per daily serving, and check the serving size.[20]
Which form of magnesium should you choose?
Magnesium form choice varies by person. Citrate and oxide both have direct randomized migraine-study history, while no randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was identified in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026. NIH reports that citrate and several other soluble forms tend to be absorbed more completely than oxide, but lower fractional absorption does not mean oxide has no clinical value. Migraine Canada lists citrate or glycinate in its guidance table. Choose a form you can tolerate at a clinician-approved elemental dose, and assess it consistently.[21][22]
| Decision point | Evidence or guidance | Practical meaning |
| Migraine study amounts | Adult randomized trials reviewed here (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1) reported or used elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day; a pediatric oxide trial used a weight-based dose[23][24] | Reporting basis and form matter; amounts above the US supplemental upper level require clinician supervision |
| US supplemental upper level | 350 mg/day for adults, excluding food[25] | A safety threshold, not a migraine treatment dose[26] |
| Label comparison | US labels state elemental magnesium[27] | Compare the amount per daily serving, not compound weight[28] |
| Trial length | Two to three months at an effective dose[29] | Set a review date and track attack days before starting[30] |
That is as far as this general article should go. The magnesium glycinate guide compares glycinate, citrate and oxide without pretending one salt has won a head-to-head migraine trial.[31]
What side effects and interactions matter?
Magnesium's most common problems are digestive and dose-dependent. High supplemental doses commonly cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping (NIH ODS), and both Migraine Canada and AMF describe those as the usual dose-limiting effects. If it happens, the dose or form may need review; discuss persistent or severe effects with a clinician or pharmacist.[32]
Interactions are the part people skip. Magnesium can reduce absorption of some bisphosphonates and antibiotics if doses are taken too close together, a timing problem rather than an absolute conflict (NIH ODS). AMF also flags possible interactions with certain heart medicines and diuretics. Check with a pharmacist before combining supplements with medicines, because supplements are active substances. Toxicity risk rises when kidney function is impaired, since the kidneys clear the excess.[33]
Who should speak with a clinician before taking magnesium?
Anyone starting a preventive routine should ideally loop a clinician in, but for these groups it is not optional. AMF says people with kidney disease, heart disease, arrhythmia, or diabetes should clear magnesium use with a clinician first. Add anyone taking bisphosphonates, antibiotics, diuretics, or heart medications, anyone pregnant or breastfeeding, anyone considering a dose above the 350 mg upper level, and anyone buying for a child or teen.[34]
Some headaches need assessment rather than a supplement. The American Headache Society lists warning signs calling for urgent evaluation, including thunderclap headache, headache with fever, a new neurologic deficit, a first or worst headache, or a major change in your usual pattern. Stopping a preventive medication is a decision for you and your prescriber.[35]
How long does magnesium take to assess?
Longer than most people give it. Oral preventives generally need two to three months at an effective dose before you can evaluate them fairly, and AMF says the same about when benefits become clear. The American Headache Society's flowchart treats at least a 50% reduction in headache frequency after a three to six month trial as one marker of success.[36]
So expect a trial measured in months, judged against a baseline you wrote down before starting. Three weeks of use and a vague sense that things are about the same is not a result. It is an unfinished experiment, and it is where most supplement attempts quietly die, not from the wrong form but from a bottle that ran out in week six.
Where magnesium fits in the 3graine formula
Once a fair trial takes two to three months of steady use, the question stops being "which magnesium is best" and becomes "what will I still be taking in October."[37]
3graine is built around that. The daily serving is three capsules providing riboflavin 400 mg, 300 mg elemental magnesium from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide, and CoQ10 200 mg. The product is made and third-party tested in Canada. Each ingredient appears separately in the 2024 meta-analysis and in Migraine Canada's table. The purpose is narrow: one daily regimen instead of three separate products to buy, remember, and run out of at different times.[38][39]
Two limits are worth stating plainly. Ingredient-level research is not proof of the finished 3graine formula, and nothing here claims the product prevents or treats migraine.[40]
Migraine Canada's position deserves repeating even though we sell a product: no single supplement brand has demonstrated superiority over all others, and the active ingredient and dose matter more than the brand name. The 3graine FAQ covers dosing detail, and riboflavin is sold on its own if that is the only piece you need.[41]
How should you track whether it is helping?
Write things down before you change anything. Both Migraine Canada and the American Headache Society recommend a diary or headache calendar for baseline and response, and Mayo Clinic includes one among the prevention basics alongside regular sleep, regular meals, hydration, gradual exercise, and stress management.[42]
A workable minimum:
- Two to four weeks of baseline first: attack days, severity, acute medication doses[43]
- The exact product, elemental magnesium per serving, form, and start date[44]
- Missed days, honestly counted, since adherence is the variable you control
- Any digestive side effects and what you changed in response
- A review date roughly three months out, ideally with your clinician
One caution from Mayo Clinic: total trigger avoidance is not always practical and may increase sensitivity. Your own tracking beats a long universal list of things to fear.
Frequently asked questions
How much magnesium should I take for migraine prevention?[45]
Adult randomized trials reviewed here reported or used elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day, depending on form and reporting basis, while Migraine Canada's table lists 600 mg/day of citrate or glycinate. The general-population upper level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg/day. Higher amounts belong under clinician supervision, and study doses should be compared only after the form and elemental amount have been confirmed.[46]
What does elemental magnesium mean on a label?[47]
Elemental magnesium is the amount of magnesium itself, separate from the total weight of the compound it is bound to. NIH says the US Supplement Facts panel reports this elemental amount, which is the number to compare with clinician guidance.[48]
Does a more expensive magnesium product work better?[49]
Price does not establish effectiveness. Migraine Canada says the active ingredient and dose matter more than brand name, and no single supplement brand has demonstrated superiority over all others.[50]
How long before magnesium reduces migraine attacks?[51]
Plan on two to three months at a steady dose, the standard evaluation window for oral preventives. The American Headache Society uses a three to six month trial with at least a 50% reduction in frequency as one marker of success.[52]
Can I take magnesium with my migraine medication?[53]
Often yes, but check first. Magnesium can reduce absorption of some antibiotics and bisphosphonates when taken too close together, and may interact with certain heart medications and diuretics. A pharmacist can review your full list in a few minutes.[54]
Medical disclaimer
This article is educational information, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, treat, or prevent any condition, and it is not a substitute for care from a qualified health professional. Speak with your physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or pharmacist before starting, changing, or stopping any supplement or medication, particularly if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have kidney or heart disease, or take prescription medicines. Seek urgent medical assessment for a sudden severe headache, headache with fever, a new neurologic symptom, or a major change in your usual headache pattern.[55]
References
[1] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[2] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[3] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[4] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
[5] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[6] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[7] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[8] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[9] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[10] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026).
[11] American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[12] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Mayo Clinic, “Migraines: Simple steps to head off the pain,” https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/migraine-headache/in-depth/migraines/art-20047242 (accessed August 6, 2026).
[13] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[14] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).
[15] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[16] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[17] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[18] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
[19] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[20] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026).
[21] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[22] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
[23] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[24] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).
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[26] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[27] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[28] 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026).
[29] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).
[30] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[31] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[32] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
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[34] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[35] American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).
[36] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).
[37] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).
[38] 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026). Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).
[39] Health Canada, 3graine active product licence NPN 80122056, https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80122056; Health Canada medicinal-ingredient record, https://health-products.canada.ca/api/natural-licences/MedicinalIngredient/?id=26237835&lang=en&type=json (accessed August 7, 2026).
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