Magnesium Glycinate for Migraines: Is It the Best Form?

Magnesium glycinate is a commonly chosen form, but it has not been proven better than other magnesium forms for migraine specifically. People often choose it when digestive tolerance is a concern, yet that preference is not evidence of stronger migraine results. In the randomized migraine-prevention evidence reviewed as of August 2026, the reported oral forms included citrate and oxide; glycinate was not represented. That evidence gap does not establish that glycinate is better or worse. The dose you can take consistently for a clinician-guided trial matters more than the name on the front.[2][1]

Quick answer

Table of contents

  • Does magnesium glycinate help prevent migraine?[10]
  • Why do magnesium forms matter?[11]
  • Is glycinate proven better for migraine?[12]
  • How do glycinate, citrate and oxide compare?
  • What dose questions should you ask?
  • What side effects and interactions matter?
  • How long should you test magnesium?[13]
  • Which form of magnesium does 3graine use?[14]
  • How should you choose a product with your clinician?
  • Frequently asked questions
  • Medical disclaimer

Does magnesium glycinate help prevent migraine?

Magnesium may help, and glycinate is one of several available forms.[15]

Magnesium is among the most commonly used nutraceuticals in migraine prevention. The American Migraine Foundation notes the 2012 AAN and AHS guideline rated magnesium probably effective, a Level B rating. That rating is more than a decade old, so read it as historical context rather than current guidance.[16]

The pooled numbers are modest. The 2024 review reported a mean reduction of 2.51 migraine attacks and 1.66 monthly migraine days across studies using different products, doses and populations. Those averages do not forecast one person’s response.[17]

What that evidence does not do is single out glycinate. In the randomized migraine-prevention studies identified in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026, the oral forms reported included citrate or oxide; no glycinate trial was identified. So when a label calls glycinate the best magnesium for migraine, it is making a chemistry argument, not reporting a trial result.[18]

Why do magnesium forms matter?

Magnesium never arrives on its own. It is always bound to a partner molecule, and that partner changes how much your gut absorbs and how your digestion reacts.[19]

The first consequence is absorption. NIH explains that forms which dissolve well in liquid absorb more completely, and that small studies found aspartate, citrate, lactate and chloride more bioavailable than oxide and sulfate. NIH also summarizes four small placebo-controlled migraine trials: three reported modest frequency reductions, while one did not. In the negative trial, poor absorption was considered possible because gastrointestinal effects were common. The mixed result is one reason to choose a clinician-guided dose and a form you can tolerate.[20]

The second is arithmetic. The Supplement Facts panel reports elemental magnesium rather than the total weight of the magnesium compound, so compare the elemental amount per daily serving and check the serving size. Two bottles can both say magnesium and deliver very different amounts of the mineral.[21]

Is glycinate proven better for migraine?

No randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was identified in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026.[22][23]

Here is what exists. Migraine Canada groups citrate and glycinate together as preferred over oxide. That is an organizational form preference based on absorption considerations, not a head-to-head migraine outcome comparison or a summary of the randomized trial history. The bioavailability studies NIH cites compare citrate and similar salts against oxide, and glycinate does not appear in that list. Glycinate is often chosen when digestive tolerance is a concern, but the sources reviewed here do not establish that it is gentler than citrate.[24]

That is the honest limitation at the centre of this topic. The migraine literature is thin on form. Most trials were small and short, and the 2024 meta-analysis pooled studies that varied in product, dose, population, and method. Anyone telling you the form question is settled is filling a gap in the evidence with confidence.[25]

The sources support a plainer reading: the form debate is oversold. Migraine Canada puts it plainly, noting the active ingredient and dose matter more than the brand name and that no single brand has shown superiority over all others. Choose a well-absorbed form you tolerate, then get the dose and the duration right.[26]

How do glycinate, citrate and oxide compare?

Form Absorption Digestive tolerance Migraine-specific evidence
Glycinate Preferred by Migraine Canada; absent from the NIH bioavailability comparison[27] Often chosen when tolerance is a concern, but no direct comparison was reviewed Not represented in the randomized migraine-prevention evidence reviewed as of August 2026[28]
Citrate More bioavailable than oxide (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/) in small studies[29] Magnesium can loosen stools at higher doses[30] Has direct randomized migraine-study history and is named alongside glycinate as preferred over oxide (https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/)[31]
Oxide Lower fractional absorption than several soluble forms in small studies (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/) Can cause gastrointestinal effects (https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/), although tolerance varies[32] Direct migraine-study history includes randomized pediatric (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12786918/) and adult (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-019-01101-x) studies; this does not establish superiority over citrate or glycinate

The table is not a scoreboard. Ask which form fits the clinician-approved elemental dose, your digestive tolerance and the direct evidence available for that form.[33]

What dose questions should you ask?

Bring these to your appointment or your pharmacist rather than deciding alone.

  • How much elemental magnesium, and from what form? Migraine Canada's summary table lists citrate or glycinate at 600 mg per day for prevention. Adult randomized migraine trials reviewed in a study-level synthesis used citrate, oxide and other forms at reported or elemental-equivalent exposures of roughly 300 to 600 mg/day. Because studies report the dose as elemental magnesium, millimoles or compound weight, verify the form and reporting basis study by study.[34][35]
  • How does that sit against the upper intake level? The US upper limit from supplements and medications is 350 mg per day, excluding magnesium in food. Migraine research doses often exceed it, which is why this is a clinician conversation.[36]
  • Should I start low and build up? Ask your clinician whether gradual titration is appropriate for you.[37]
  • When do we decide whether it worked? Agree on a review date before you start.

What side effects and interactions matter?

Magnesium is an active substance and deserves the caution you would give a medication.[38]

Diarrhea and abdominal cramping are the common dose-limiting effects, and high supplemental doses often cause diarrhea, nausea, and cramping. That is why digestive tolerance matters when choosing a form and dose.[39]

Clear magnesium with your clinician if you have kidney disease, heart disease, arrhythmia, or diabetes. Toxicity risk rises when kidney function is impaired, because the kidneys clear the excess.[40]

Timing matters. Magnesium can reduce absorption of some bisphosphonates and antibiotics taken too close together, and it interacts with some heart medicines and diuretics. Migraine Canada advises checking with a pharmacist before combining supplements with medicines or with each other. That review takes minutes and is the most underused safety step here.[41]

Natural also does not mean harmless. NCCIH notes supplements can interact with drugs, and butterbur was dropped from American Academy of Neurology recommendations in 2015 over liver toxicity.[42]

How long should you test magnesium?

Longer than most people do. Oral preventives often need two to three months at an effective dose before a fair evaluation. Two weeks of no change tells you almost nothing.[43]

Track it properly. Migraine Canada recommends a diary for baseline and response, and the American Headache Society's migraine flowchart treats at least a 50% reduction in headache frequency after a three to six month trial as one marker of success. Without a baseline you are comparing this month's memory against last month's, which is not a measurement.[44]

Migraine Canada also warns that stopping a supplement that is working can worsen symptoms, and suggests gradual tapering.[45]

Seek urgent care rather than a supplement plan for the warning signs the American Headache Society flags: thunderclap headache, headache with fever, a new neurologic deficit, a first or worst headache, or a major change in your usual pattern.[46]

Which form of magnesium does 3graine use?

3graine provides[a] 300 mg elemental magnesium from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide in a daily serving of three capsules. The same serving contains riboflavin 400 mg and CoQ10 200 mg.[47][48]

Citrate and oxide both have direct randomized migraine-study history, but that ingredient evidence does not prove the finished 3graine formula prevents migraine. No comparative claim between citrate and glycinate should be inferred from the product's composition.[49]

The formula is made in Canada and third-party tested.[50]

What it addresses is practical rather than biochemical. Anyone following the common magnesium, riboflavin, and CoQ10 approach is buying three products, remembering three doses, and running out at three different times. A two to three month trial only means something if the routine is followed consistently. The three-ingredient daily formula exists to reduce that burden. The ingredient evidence should not be stretched into a product-level treatment claim.[51]

How should you choose a product with your clinician?

Work through it in this order.

  1. Ask which form fits the clinician-approved elemental dose, your digestive tolerance and the direct evidence available for that form.
  2. Read the elemental magnesium number, not the compound weight on the bottle.[52]
  3. Compare that number against your clinician's recommended dose and the 350 mg supplemental upper limit.[53]
  4. Check for third-party testing and review the manufacturer's product information.[54]
  5. Have a pharmacist screen your full list of medicines and supplements.
  6. Set a start date, a diary, and a review date before the first capsule.
  7. Reassess at two to three months against your baseline, not your impression.[55]

Glycinate and citrate can each be reasonable choices. Select the form based on your observed tolerance, clinician-approved elemental dose, and direct evidence. What decides whether the trial is interpretable is not which salt sounds best, but whether the dose is tolerable, cleared by your clinician, and taken long enough to judge. For the broader evidence and safety questions, read the magnesium for migraines guide.[56]

The 3graine product page describes the first few weeks, including bright yellow urine from riboflavin and possible digestive changes. The 3graine FAQ covers usage and tolerability questions.[57]

Frequently asked questions

Is magnesium glycinate or citrate better for migraines?[58]

In the randomized migraine-prevention evidence reviewed as of August 2026, the reported oral forms included citrate and oxide, and no trial using glycinate was identified. That does not prove glycinate is better or worse because the reviewed trials did not directly compare all three forms. Choose based on the clinician-approved elemental dose, digestive tolerance and the evidence available for the form.[59]

How much magnesium glycinate should I take for migraines?[60]

That is a question for your clinician, not a number to pick yourself. Migraine Canada's table lists citrate or glycinate at 600 mg per day for prevention, above the 350 mg per day upper limit for supplemental magnesium in the United States. Doses in that range belong under medical supervision.[61]

Does magnesium glycinate cause diarrhea?[62]

It can. People often choose glycinate because of a reputation for digestive tolerance, but the sources reviewed here do not establish that it is gentler than citrate. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping are common dose-limiting effects of magnesium generally, especially at higher doses.[63]

How long before magnesium helps migraine?[64]

Plan on two to three months at an effective dose before judging it, which matches how oral preventives are evaluated. 3graine's product page says most people who benefit begin to notice a response after roughly two to three months of consistent use. Keep a diary from day one so you have a baseline.[65]

Can I take magnesium with my migraine medication?[66]

Often yes, but have a pharmacist check first. Magnesium can reduce absorption of some antibiotics and bisphosphonates when taken close together, and it interacts with certain heart medicines and diuretics. A pharmacist can advise whether timing changes or another approach is appropriate.[67]

Medical disclaimer

This article is general information and is not medical advice. It is not a substitute for diagnosis, treatment, or advice from a qualified health professional. Supplements are active substances, they are not right for everyone, and they can interact with medications. Speak with your physician, nurse practitioner, or pharmacist before starting or stopping any supplement, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have kidney or heart disease, or take prescription medication. Do not stop prescribed migraine care in favour of a supplement. Seek urgent medical attention for a sudden severe headache, a headache with fever or new neurologic symptoms, your first or worst headache, or a significant change in your pattern.[68]

References

[1] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[2] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[3] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[4] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[5] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[6] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[7] Wang et al., pediatric magnesium oxide randomized trial, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12786918/; Karimi et al., adult magnesium oxide randomized trial, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-019-01101-x (accessed August 7, 2026).

[8] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).

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[10] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[11] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[12] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[13] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[14] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026).

[15] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[16] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[17] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).

[18] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[19] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[20] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[21] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[22] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[23] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).

[24] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[25] Khan et al., “Efficacy of nutraceuticals in the prophylaxis of migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (2024).

[26] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[27] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[28] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[29] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

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[31] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[32] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[33] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[34] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[35] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics and dose/form table, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 7, 2026).

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[42] National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).

[43] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).

[44] American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[45] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026).

[46] American Headache Society, “Migraine Treatment and Prevention Flowchart,” https://americanheadachesociety.org/resources/primary-care/migraine-flowchart (accessed August 6, 2026).

[47] 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 6, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 6, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 6, 2026). Parohan et al., “Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for prophylaxis in adult patients with migraine,” systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed 33402403, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33402403/ (2021). National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, “Headaches and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says,” https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/headaches-and-complementary-health-approaches-science (accessed August 6, 2026).

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