There is no single best magnesium for everyone with migraine. Citrate and oxide are the two forms with direct randomized migraine-study history, and the choice between products rests on four things: the elemental dose, how well your gut tolerates the form, your clinician’s guidance, and whether the form has been studied for migraine prevention at all.[1] A product that wins on absorption but loses you to diarrhea in week two prevents nothing.
Quick answer
Citrate and oxide are the magnesium forms with direct randomized migraine-prevention trials in the evidence reviewed; the adult trials used doses reported between roughly 200 and 600 mg of elemental magnesium per day across the magnesium forms reviewed.[2] No randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was found in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026.[3] The number to compare on any label is elemental magnesium per daily serving, and because the US supplemental upper level is 350 mg per day, study-range doses belong under clinician guidance.[4] Whatever you choose, judge it after two to three months at a steady dose, not after two weeks.[5]
On this page
- Which magnesium forms have direct migraine-study history?
- How do you read elemental dose on a magnesium label?
- Which form will your gut tolerate?
- What should you check before buying?
- How do you run a fair trial once you choose?
- How 3graine fits a magnesium routine
- When should you seek medical care?
- Frequently asked questions
- Medical disclaimer
Which magnesium forms have direct migraine-study history?
Start with the evidence question, because it shrinks the field fast. The randomized migraine-prevention trials collected in a 2026 review’s study table used magnesium citrate (as trimagnesium dicitrate), magnesium oxide, magnesium aspartate, and magnesium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, at doses reported between 200 and 600 mg of elemental magnesium per day across the magnesium forms reviewed.[6] NIH summarizes the older placebo-controlled trials the same way: small, short, doses up to 600 mg per day, with three of four finding modest reductions in frequency and mixed results overall.[7]
Glycinate deserves a plain statement rather than marketing shorthand. No randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was found in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026.[8] That is not evidence it fails. It means anyone calling glycinate proven for migraine is borrowing evidence from other forms. Migraine Canada’s supplement guidance names citrate and glycinate as its preferred forms on absorption grounds, so glycinate is a defensible tolerability-first pick, just not the one with trial receipts.[9] Our magnesium glycinate guide goes deeper on that trade.
Oxide is the reverse case, and the criticism it attracts deserves a closer look. Small studies found it is absorbed less completely than citrate and several other soluble forms, and that gap is real.[10] Two details keep it from becoming a verdict. Fractional absorption is a percentage, not an amount. And oxide carries the most elemental magnesium per gram of any common form, roughly 60 percent by weight against about 14 percent for bisglycinate, so a smaller absorbed fraction of a larger elemental load can still deliver a meaningful amount.[11] Oxide also holds its own place in the migraine trial record: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial compared 500 mg of magnesium oxide twice daily with sodium valproate, a prescription preventive, and found both reduced attack frequency with no significant difference between them.[12] The American Migraine Foundation likewise describes it as a mineral often used in pill form to prevent migraine.[13] Our article on magnesium salts and absorption makes the fuller case for judging each form by what it delivers rather than by its absorption percentage alone. Treat absorption as one input, not a verdict.
Form |
Direct migraine-study history |
Absorption notes |
Tolerability notes |
Magnesium citrate |
Yes, adult randomized trials[14] |
Absorbed more completely than oxide in small studies[15] |
Digestive effects are dose dependent, mainly loose stools[16] |
Magnesium oxide |
Yes, adult randomized trials, including a head-to-head crossover against sodium valproate[17][18] |
Lower fractional absorption than several soluble forms, but the highest elemental content per gram, about 60 percent by weight[19][20] |
Diarrhea is the most commonly reported side effect[21] |
Magnesium glycinate |
No randomized migraine-prevention trial found in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026[22] |
Named alongside citrate in Migraine Canada’s guidance on absorption grounds[23] |
Same dose-dependent digestive cautions as other forms[24] |
Magnesium aspartate, pyrrolidone carboxylate |
Yes, in the same adult trial record[25] |
Soluble forms absorbed more completely than oxide in small studies[26] |
Same dose-dependent digestive cautions[27] |
One honest limit: none of those trials compared one form head to head against another. Every ranking of forms, including this one, is an inference stitched from separate placebo-controlled studies.[28]
How do you read elemental dose on a magnesium label?
Elemental magnesium is the mineral itself, counted apart from the weight of the compound that carries it.
In the US, the Supplement Facts panel declares the elemental amount, not the compound weight. That is why a front label can say “magnesium citrate 1,000 mg” while delivering a far smaller elemental amount. Read the back panel, compare elemental milligrams per full daily serving, and check how many capsules make up that serving.
Canadian natural health product labels are expected to state the elemental magnesium quantity per dosage unit and identify the magnesium source. Because market regulation remains challenging, not every company follows elemental-quantity labelling consistently. A label that claims more than 200 mg of elemental magnesium in one capsule is likely misleading. Verify the dosage unit, source form, serving size, and NPN.
Then hold onto one more number: 350 mg per day, the US Tolerable Upper Intake Level for supplemental magnesium in adults, a general-population ceiling that excludes magnesium from food.[29] The migraine trials often sat above it, at 200 to 600 mg of elemental magnesium per day as reported.[30] Both facts hold at once because they answer different questions. One is a safety threshold for unsupervised use; the other is what researchers gave participants inside monitored studies. A target above 350 mg elemental is a decision to make with your clinician or pharmacist, not alone.
For what those trials found, see our full magnesium evidence review. The short version: a 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis pooling the available randomized trials reported magnesium reduced migraine attacks by a mean of 2.51 and monthly migraine days by 1.66 compared with controls.[31]
Which form will your gut tolerate?
Tolerability is where most magnesium plans actually die. High supplemental doses commonly cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping, and the effect is dose dependent. This dose-dependent effect appears consistent across all magnesium forms, not only one form.[32] The American Migraine Foundation calls diarrhea the most common side effect and notes it can even work in your favour if you are prone to constipation.[33] If digestive effects persist, the dose or the form may need review with a clinician or pharmacist rather than trial and error alone.[34]
Interactions matter more than most product pages admit. Magnesium can reduce absorption of oral bisphosphonates and of tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics when doses are taken too close together, and it interacts with some diuretics.[35] Most are timing problems rather than absolute conflicts, but have a pharmacist confirm before you start, because supplements are active substances alongside your other medications.[36] Toxicity risk also rises when kidney function is impaired, since the kidneys clear the excess.[37]
What should you check before buying?
Five checks cover most of the decision:
- Elemental magnesium per daily serving, read off the panel rather than the front label, along with how many capsules deliver it.[38]
- The exact form, named on the label. An unnamed “magnesium blend” makes both dose comparison and evidence checking impossible. Products that list multiple magnesium sources combine more than one form, so read the Supplement Facts panel for every form named rather than relying on the front label.
- Direct study history for that form. Citrate and oxide have it in the evidence reviewed; glycinate does not yet.[39]
- Your medication list, reviewed with a pharmacist for timing interactions before the first capsule.[40]
- In Canada, a Natural Product Number (NPN) on the label, which you can look up in Health Canada’s Licensed Natural Health Products Database to confirm what the licence covers.[41]
Price is not on the list on purpose. Migraine Canada’s position is that no single supplement brand has demonstrated superiority over others, and that the active ingredient at the recommended strength matters more than the name on the bottle.[42]
How do you run a fair trial once you choose?
Slowly, with notes. Oral preventives generally need around a month to reach a steady dose and then two to three months at that dose before the effect can be judged; the American Migraine Foundation gives the same two-to-three-month horizon for a noticeable change.[43] Response patterns differ between people, so treat that window as a planning figure, not a promise.
Before the first capsule, write down two to four weeks of baseline: attack days, severity, and acute medication use. Record the product, the form, the elemental dose, and the start date. Count missed days honestly, because adherence is the one variable you fully control. Then set a review date about three months out, ideally with the clinician who helped set the dose. Even a good result usually means fewer attacks, not none; the pooled trial numbers above are reductions, not eliminations.[44]
How 3graine fits a magnesium routine
Once the plan is a multi-month daily routine, missed doses become the main threat to a fair answer. 3graine puts three nutraceuticals that each appear separately in the 2024 meta-analysis into one daily serving of three capsules: riboflavin 400 mg, 300 mg of elemental magnesium from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide, and CoQ10 200 mg.[45] The magnesium figure is stated as elemental per full daily serving, the same number this article says to compare, and the citrate base is a form with direct migraine-study history.[46] The product is made and third-party tested in Canada and holds an active Health Canada licence.[47]
The reason to combine them is narrow and practical: one product to buy, remember, and replenish instead of three running out on three different dates. That lowers routine friction. It is not proof of clinical outcomes, ingredient-level research is not evidence for the finished formula, and nothing here claims the product prevents or treats migraine. Our supplements for migraine overview compares the ingredient evidence side by side, and the 3graine FAQ covers serving details.
When should you seek medical care?
Some headaches need assessment, not a supplement. Migraine Canada’s warning list includes a sudden severe thunderclap headache, which belongs in an emergency room; any new neurological symptom, such as trouble with vision, walking, coordination, speech, sensation, or memory; headache with fever, weight loss, or other unexplained illness; a new headache at age 50 or older; a headache clearly different from your usual pattern; and headache in pregnancy or shortly after giving birth.[48]
Separately, the American Migraine Foundation says people with diabetes, heart disease, arrhythmia, or kidney disease should clear magnesium use with their doctor before starting.[49] And if you are having four or more migraine attacks a month, Migraine Canada suggests discussing a fuller prevention plan with a clinician, of which supplements are only one possible part.[50]
Frequently asked questions
Is magnesium glycinate the best magnesium for migraine?
Not on trial evidence. No randomized migraine-prevention trial using magnesium glycinate was found in the evidence reviewed as of August 2026, while citrate and oxide both appear in the randomized trial record.[51] Glycinate can still be a reasonable choice if it is the form you tolerate at the elemental dose your clinician recommends.[52]
How much magnesium was used in migraine studies?
The adult randomized trials used doses reported between roughly 200 and 600 mg of elemental magnesium per day across the magnesium forms reviewed.[53] The US supplemental upper level is 350 mg per day, so study-range amounts call for clinician supervision.[54]
What does elemental magnesium mean on a label?
It is the amount of magnesium itself, separate from the weight of the compound it is bound to. In the US, the Supplement Facts panel declares this elemental amount, and it is the number to compare against clinician guidance.[55]
Is magnesium oxide a bad choice for migraine?
No. Oxide is absorbed less completely than several soluble forms, but it appears in the randomized migraine trial record, and the American Migraine Foundation describes it as a common pill form for migraine prevention.[56] The practical limiter is digestive tolerance at your target dose.[57]
How long before magnesium reduces migraine attacks?
Plan on two to three months at a steady dose before judging, the usual window for oral preventives, and expect responses to vary.[58] Track attack days against a written baseline; some people improve and some see no change.[59]
Medical disclaimer
This article is educational information, not medical advice. It does not diagnose, treat, or prevent any condition, and it is not a substitute for care from a qualified health professional. Speak with your physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or pharmacist before starting, changing, or stopping any supplement or medication, particularly if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, have kidney or heart disease, or take prescription medicines. Seek urgent medical assessment for a sudden severe headache, headache with fever, a new neurological symptom, or a major change in your usual headache pattern.[60]
References
[1] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[2] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026). NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[3] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[4] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[5] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[6] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[7] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[8] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[9] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[10] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[11] Elemental fractions calculated from the molar mass of each compound (magnesium oxide is about 60 percent magnesium by weight; magnesium bisglycinate about 14 percent). On differences in bioavailability between magnesium salts, see Touyz RM, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, “Magnesium Disorders,” The New England Journal of Medicine 2024;390(21):1998-2009, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38838313/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[12] Karimi N, Razian A, Heidari M, “The efficacy of magnesium oxide and sodium valproate in prevention of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study,” Acta Neurologica Belgica 2021;121(1):167-173, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30798472/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[13] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[14] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[15] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[16] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[17] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[18] Karimi N, Razian A, Heidari M, “The efficacy of magnesium oxide and sodium valproate in prevention of migraine headache: a randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover study,” Acta Neurologica Belgica 2021;121(1):167-173, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30798472/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[19] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[20] Elemental fractions calculated from the molar mass of each compound (magnesium oxide is about 60 percent magnesium by weight; magnesium bisglycinate about 14 percent). On differences in bioavailability between magnesium salts, see Touyz RM, de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, “Magnesium Disorders,” The New England Journal of Medicine 2024;390(21):1998-2009, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38838313/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[21] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[22] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[23] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[24] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[25] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[26] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[27] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[28] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[29] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[30] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[31] “Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[32] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[33] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[34] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[35] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[36] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[37] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[38] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[39] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[40] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[41] Health Canada, Licensed Natural Health Products Database, 3graine product licence NPN 80122056, https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80122056 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[42] Migraine Canada, “Navigating the World of Supplements for Migraine,” https://migrainecanada.org/navigating-the-world-of-supplements-for-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[43] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[44] “Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[45] 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 13, 2026). Health Canada, Licensed Natural Health Products Database, 3graine product licence NPN 80122056, https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80122056 (accessed August 13, 2026). “Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[46] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[47] 3graine, “Daily Migraine Prevention Supplement” product page, https://medolehealth.com/products/3graine (accessed August 13, 2026). Health Canada, Licensed Natural Health Products Database, 3graine product licence NPN 80122056, https://health-products.canada.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info?licence=80122056 (accessed August 13, 2026). “Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[48] Migraine Canada, “This Is Not My Normal Headache: Should I Worry?” https://migrainecanada.org/this-is-not-my-normal-headache-should-i-worry/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[49] American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[50] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[51] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[52] Migraine Canada, “Natural Supplements for Migraine Prevention,” https://migrainecanada.org/natural-supplements-for-migraine-prevention/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[53] 2026 systematic review, randomized oral-magnesium trial characteristics table, “Table 1,” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-026-01150-z/tables/1 (accessed August 13, 2026).
[54] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[55] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[56] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[57] NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, “Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals,” https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Magnesium and Migraine,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium-migraine/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[58] Migraine Canada, “Preventive Treatments,” https://migrainecanada.org/management-treatment/preventive-treatments/ (accessed August 13, 2026). American Migraine Foundation, “Migraine Prevention 101,” https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/migraine-prevention-101/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[59] “Effects of selected dietary supplements on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” PubMed 39404918, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39404918/ (accessed August 13, 2026).
[60] Migraine Canada, “This Is Not My Normal Headache: Should I Worry?” https://migrainecanada.org/this-is-not-my-normal-headache-should-i-worry/ (accessed August 13, 2026).